Caracterización del ‘Knock out’ en Boxeo / Caracterização de ‘Knockout’ no Boxe / Characterization of ‘Knockout’ in Boxing

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las cuatro últimas acciones motrices emitidas (golpes) por boxeadores campeones del mundo de los pesos pesados y así poder caracterizar el ‘Knock out’ en boxeo. Para ello, hemos desarrollado una herramienta de observación que consta de cuatro criterios y 35 categorías. Para la selección de la muestra se tuvo en cuenta dos requisitos: haberse proclamado campeón del mundo del peso pesado durante el período que comprende 1921-2007 (desde Jack Dempsey hasta Ruslan Chagaev) y la disponibilidad digital de las imágenes para su análisis. Se obtuvieron datos relativos a la secuencia de acciones motrices que anteceden a la finalización de los combates en boxeo, medido a través de los últimos cuatro golpes lanzados por el ganador. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el ‘Knock out’ en boxeo suele darse haciendo un uso mayoritario de ciertos golpes entre los contendientes, presentando diferencias significativas (AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os últimos quatro ações motoras emitidos (AVC) por campeões mundiais pugilistas pesos pesados para que possa caracterizar a ‘Knock Out’ no boxe. Para fazer isso,nós desenvolvemos uma ferramenta de observação que consiste em quatro 35 critérios e categorias. Para a selecção da amostra foi tido em conta dois requisitos: ter proclamado campeão mundial dos pesos pesados durante o período que cobriu 1921-2007 (de Jack Dempsey Ruslan Chagaev) e da disponibilidade de imagens digitais para análise. Os dados foram obtidos com a sequência de acções que a motor que precedem o fim de combater na boxe, tal como medido pela últimos quatro golpes jogados pelo vencedor. Os resultados do estudo mostram que o ‘Knockout’ no boxe é geralmente dada por um uso maior em certos ataques entre os candidatos, mostrando diferenças significativa (AU)

The objective of this work is to identify the last four motor actions (punches) made by heavyweight world champion boxers, in an attempt to characterize how ‘Knock out’ is achieved in this sport. An observation tool consisting of four criteria and 35 categories was devised. The two requirements for sampling are: that the subject was the world heavyweight champion sometime between 1921-2007 (Jack Dempsey to Ruslan Chagaev) and that digital images are available for analysis. Data were obtained about the motor actions preceding the end of the fight, studying the last four punches delivered by the winner. The results show that the ‘Knock out’ in boxing is in most cases due to certain types of punches being used by the contenders, with significant differences being recorded (AU)

Contextual variables and time-motion analysis in soccer.

Using a multi-camera computerised tracking system the present study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the work-rate profile of a team of elite soccer players during official matches of the Spanish Premier League. Observation-based performance measures were obtained from 434 individual samples. 6 physical parameters involving the distance covered by players were analysed: standing intensity (0-11 km·h (-1)), low-intensity running (11.1-14 km·h (-1)), moderate-intensity running (14.1-17 km·h (-1)), high-intensity running (17.1-21 km·h (-1)), very high-intensity running (21.1-24 km·h (-1)) and sprinting (>24 km·h (-1)). These intensity thresholds were considered with respect to 4 contextual variables: MATCH STATUS, MATCH LOCATION, OPPONENT LEVEL and MATCH HALF, which were analysed in relation to the EFFECTIVE PLAYING TIME. A descriptive analysis and a multivariate mixed model were employed for the analysis of change processes in soccer. The distance total covered (m) by players at different work intensities during the EFFECTIVE PLAYING TIME was greater when playing at HOME (3 931 vs. 3 887 AWAY), when the reference team was LOSING (3 975 vs. 3 837 DRAWING and 3 921 WINNING) and when the level of the opposing team was HIGHER (4 032 vs. 3 938 MEDIUM and 3 736 BOTTOM). By contrast, their physical performance decreased during the 2NDHALF of matches (3 822 vs. 3 985 1ST HALF).